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Introduction & Overview to ENT Doctors and Otolaryngology Specialists

Otolaryngology is the oldest medical specialty in the United States and represents a branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnose and treatment of conditions and disorders of the ear, nose, and throat, and disorders of the head and neck. The full name of the specialty is otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, while their practitioners are called otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons, otorhinolaryngologists (ORL), or more common ENT specialists or physicians (ear, nose, throat).

ENT specialists are physicians trained in the medical and surgical management and treatment of patients suffering from conditions or disorders of the ear, nose, throat, sinuses, larynx (voice box), oral cavity and upper pharynx, as well as related structures of head and neck. An ENT specialist’s expertise covers a wide range of problems.

Problems, conditions, disorders and diseases treated by ENT specialists:
1. Ear

• Hearing loss.
• Ear ache.
• Mastoiditis (infection of the mastoid process).
• Otitis externa (ear canal inflammation).
• Otitis media (middle ear inflmamation).
• Otitis interna (inner ear inflammation).
• Tinnitus (ear noised).
• Dizziness and balance disorders (such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - BPPV, labyrinthitis, and vestibular neuronitis).
• Perforated eardrum (due to infection, trauma, explosion, or loud noise).

2. Nose

• Allergies.
• Sinusitis (acute and chronic).
• Rhinitis (irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose)..
• Empty nose syndrome (a nose crippled by over resection of the middle or inferior turbinates of the nose).
• Deviated septum
• Dysphonia

3. Throat

• Tonsillitis (an infectionof the tonsil).
• Laryngitis
• Vocal cord paralysis
• Vocal nodules, polyps and cysts
• Dysphagia/Swallowing conditions
• Gastroesophageal or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease
• Esophageal conditions
• Throat cancer
• Laryngeal cancer
• Voice conditions
• Breathing conditions

Surgical procedures performed by ENT specialists:

• Rhinoplasty (surgical procedure performed to improved the function and/or appearance of the nose).
• Septoplasty (corrective surgical procedure performed to straighten the nasal septum).
• Adenoidectomy (surgical procedure performed to remove the adenoids).
• Tracheotomy, also known as tracheostomy (surgical procedure performed on the neck to create an airway opening in the trachea).
• Myringotomy (surgical procedure performed to create a tiny incision in the eardrum to relieve the pressure caused by accumulation of excessive fluid or pus).
• Rhytidectomy (facial lift).
• Blepharoplasty (functional and corrective surgical procedure performed to reshape the upper or lower eyelid).
• Browplasty, also knows as forehead lift or browlift (cosmetic surgical procedure performed to elevate the eyelid).
• Otoplasty (corrective cosmetic surgical procedure performed to change the appearance of the external ears).
• Genioplasty or mentoplasty (cosmetic procedure performed to change the appearance of the chin).

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