Testing for Prostate Cancer & Diagnosis

Anamnesis (a personal medical history): The first step in establishing a diagnosis is a detailed and complete medical review of past health problems, general health state, symptoms displayed and medical family history

Physical examination: The next step is a rectal examination of the prostate. This type of physical examination, called Digital Rectal Exam (DRE), is one of the simplest and oldest screening tests for prostate cancer. During this examination, the doctor (usually a urologist) inserts one finger into the rectum to check the size of the prostate or any possible tissue growth.

Blood tests: One of the blood tests performed for diagnosing prostate cancer is PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test. Prostate-specific antigen is a glycoprotein produced by the prostate's epithelial cells that can be measured in the blood. However, the level of PSAs is not a direct indicator of prostate cancer, but can offer important information about possible modifications to the prostate tissue.

Computed Tomography (CT): The CT scan is an advanced x-ray procedure that produces a more detailed cross-sectional image of the body. A CT scan involves two steps: first, a set of baseline pictures will be taken, and second, a radiocontrast agent is injected into the body through the vein in order to better outline the structure of the body and a new set of pictures will be taken. This procedure is used to establish whether or not the prostate cancer spread to adjacent areas or organs, or, after the treatment to monitor for a possible relapse.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI is an advanced technique that uses radio waves, strong magnets and a contrast substance to outline the image of a targeted area of the body. The cancer cells absorb a high amount of the contrast substance and release the shape and pattern of the abnormal tissue mass on a special device. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a useful procedure to visualize the prostate and identify any abnormal tissue growth.

ProstaScintTM scan: ProstaScint scan is a medical procedure that can help determine if the cancer spread beyond the prostate. In order to perform this scan, the patient is injected with a low level of radioactive agent that is absorbed by the prostate cells in the body. This test is not recommended in men that have just been diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Biopsies: A biopsy is a medical procedure that removes a certain amount of tissue for microscopic investigation. One of the most common types of biopsy used to diagnose prostate cancer is a core needle biopsy. This procedure is performed using a transrectal ultrasound for a better visualization of the prostate gland. It usually last between 15 and 35 minutes and is performed under local anesthesia. During this procedure, the doctor inserts a special instrument called a biopsy gun with a thin needle inside, through the rectum wall and into the prostate. This needle will help remove a cylinder shape sample of prostate tissue. Sometimes, the biopsy is performed through a small incision in the perineum skin (area located in between rectum and scrotum).

Conditions & Diseases: Cancer

Prostrate Cancer

Diagnosis & Medical Tests for Prostate Cancer